Bump tree-sitter and related core language parser libraries (#14986)

Closes https://github.com/zed-industries/zed/issues/4565

To fix issues with code blocks' parsing in Markdown, a
tree-sitter-markdown library update is needed.
But `tree_sitter::language` is used in many places within core Zed,
which forced more library updates.

Release Notes:

- Updated tree-sitter parsers for core languages

---------

Co-authored-by: Max Brunsfeld <max@zed.dev>
Co-authored-by: Piotr Osiewicz <piotr@zed.dev>

crates/languages/src/markdown/highlights.scm

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-(emphasis) @emphasis
-(strong_emphasis) @emphasis.strong
-
 [
   (atx_heading)
   (setext_heading)
@@ -14,11 +11,6 @@
   (list_marker_parenthesis)
 ] @punctuation.list_marker
 
-(code_span) @text.literal
-
 (fenced_code_block
   (info_string
     (language) @text.literal))
-
-(link_destination) @link_uri
-(link_text) @link_text

crates/languages/src/markdown/injections.scm

@@ -2,3 +2,6 @@
   (info_string
     (language) @language)
   (code_fence_content) @content)
+
+((inline) @content
+ (#set! "language" "markdown-inline"))