ci: Move doctests to a separate parallel job (#38111)

Follow on from #37851 

This may reduce CI time by running doctests in parallel with other
tests. It also makes it easier to find the results.

Example output:
https://github.com/zed-industries/zed/actions/runs/17698218116/job/50300398669?pr=38111

At least on this run, the doctests finished before the main Linux tests,
which makes sense because there are many fewer doctests. So they should
not be on the critical path.

Thanks @maxdeviant for the prompt.

<img width="615" height="513" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/bcafa636-a68c-4602-97f4-61f7904e6a7b"
/>


Release Notes:

- N/A

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -373,6 +373,46 @@ jobs:
         if: always()
         run: rm -rf ./../.cargo
 
+  doctests:
+    # Nextest currently doesn't support doctests, so run them separately and in parallel.
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    name: (Linux) Run doctests
+    needs: [job_spec]
+    if: |
+      github.repository_owner == 'zed-industries' &&
+      needs.job_spec.outputs.run_tests == 'true'
+    runs-on:
+      - namespace-profile-16x32-ubuntu-2204
+    steps:
+      - name: Add Rust to the PATH
+        run: echo "$HOME/.cargo/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Checkout repo
+        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4
+        with:
+          clean: false
+
+      - name: Cache dependencies
+        uses: swatinem/rust-cache@9d47c6ad4b02e050fd481d890b2ea34778fd09d6 # v2
+        with:
+          save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
+          # cache-provider: "buildjet"
+
+      - name: Install Linux dependencies
+        run: ./script/linux
+
+      - name: Configure CI
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p ./../.cargo
+          cp ./.cargo/ci-config.toml ./../.cargo/config.toml
+
+      - name: Run doctests
+        run: cargo test --workspace --doc --no-fail-fast
+
+      - name: Clean CI config file
+        if: always()
+        run: rm -rf ./../.cargo
+
   build_remote_server:
     timeout-minutes: 60
     name: (Linux) Build Remote Server